Clearly, neither Algeria nor Morocco wants an open conflict with inevitably catastrophic consequences for both countries. The Algerian High-Security Council (HCS), an organ of consultation between the President of the Republic, the army, and the security services, declared on August 18, 2021, in a statement, that, the incessant hostile acts perpetrated by Morocco against Algeria required the revision of relations between the two countries and the intensification of security control at the Western borders. [27] Its logistics was also complicated by its vast array of largely obsolete weapons from a number of diverse sources, including France, Germany, Czechoslovakia, and the United States. The Western Sahara question has poisoned more than just Moroccan-Algerian relations. According to the investigation by the Forbidden Stories Consortium and Amnesty International, about 6,000 Algerian phone numbers including some belonging to senior political, military, and intelligence officials, including current Foreign Minister Ramtane Lamamra, as well as the current and former army chief of staff were identified as targets of the Pegasus software, which was marketed by the Israeli company NSO in 2019. Wake up to the essential with the Editor's picks. [34] Algeria and Cuba planned a major counteroffensive, Operation Dignidad, aimed at driving the Moroccan forces back across the border and capturing Berguent. [4] 150.000 [ ] 24000 30.000 . About Algeria Army English :The Algerian People's National Army (Arabic: , romanized: Aljaysh alwataniu alshaebiu aljazayiriu; French: Arme nationale populaire) is the military force of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria. Called the War of the Sands, this war refers to the attack of the Algerian army on Moroccan troops which caused the death of 12 Moroccan soldiers. The sheer loss of life on all sides, from the French days on, the money that could have been spent on human needs, the hatred and civil anguish, all wasted, all down the toilet for nothing -- all the fears and predictions came to naught, and today Vietnam is a . [39] The meeting would be held to set up a commission to determine who was responsible for starting the war and to examine the frontier question and suggest methods for bringing about a lasting settlement of the conflict. Complete the form and download, for free, the highlights from The Africa Reports Exclusive Ranking of Africas top 200 banks from last year. Answer (1 of 5): It depends on who starts the war, however Portugal and morocco arent enemies, they have no current conflict. An aggravating circumstance in such a context was the statement by Yair Lapid, Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs, in Rabat on August 12, 2021, expressing his countrys concerns about Algeria because of its proximity to Iran. Algerian Foreign Minister Lamtane Lamamras vehement condemnation was then accompanied by a tacit threat about the risk of the Moroccan monarchy facing a separatist claim in the Rif, an Amazigh/ Berber-speaking region in northern Morocco in recurrent conflict with the central government. [5] The United States feared the escalation and internationalization of the war, particularly wanting to avoid Soviet intervention, and therefore advocated for the peaceful resolution of the conflict. [26], The Algerian military, recently formed from the guerrilla ranks of the FLN's Arme de Libration Nationale (ALN), was still oriented towards asymmetric warfare, and had few heavy weapons. On Nov. 1, three Algerian citizens were killed in the disputed territory of Western Sahara. So far, Morocco has denied any involvement in the bombings that took place in the Moroccan-controlled Western Sahara near the border with Mauritania. If you are reading this message your browser has Javascript disabled. President Abdelmadjid Tebboune accused Morocco of supporting the Kabyle pro-independence organization MAK (Mouvement pour lautodtermination de la Kabylie), classified since last May as a terrorist by the same HCS. can rely on a broad social and political consensus that the Western Sahara should be Moroccan and he has little criticism to fear from his own people," Sonja Hegasy, Vice Director at the Berlin-based Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient (Leibniz Center for the Modern Orient, ZMO), told DW on the phone. [5] Morocco's invasion proved to be a diplomatic blunder, as the other Arab and African states refused to recognize its border claims. Get full access to The Africa Report on all your devices. who would win a war between morocco and algeria. The Moroccan consul in the western Algerian city of Oran called Algeria an enemy country, prompting the Algerian foreign ministry to summon the Moroccan ambassador and to declare the implicated diplomat persona non grata. [39] The accord mandated a ceasefire for November 2, and announced that a commission consisting of Moroccan, Algerian, Ethiopian, and Malian officers would decide the boundaries of a demilitarized zone. Tensions between Algeria and Morocco have never been as tense in 45 years. Rabat turns to US and French suppliers, while Algiers sticks with Russian-made military goods. It resulted largely from the Moroccan government's claim to portions of Algeria's Tindouf and Bchar provinces. Tensions between Algeria and Morocco have never been as tense in 45 years. The conflict was a Cold War theater: Algeria was . Three factors contributed to the outbreak of this conflict: the absence of a precise delineation of the border between Algeria and Morocco, the discovery of important mineral resources in the disputed area, and the Moroccan irredentism fueled by the Greater Morocco[9] ideology of the Istiqlal Party and Allal al-Fassi.[10]. Called the War of the Sands, this war refers to the attack of the Algerian army on Moroccan troops which caused the death of 12 Moroccan soldiers. Morocco and Algeria are involved in another diplomatic spat after Rabat condemned provocative acts and transgressions at the opening of a regional football tournament in Algeria. This view is echoed by Sonja Hegasy who is convinced that "both countries don't have any interest in waging a war on this conflict, so the most realistic scenario is that the bilateral relations are going to continue to stagnate. Rabat responded saying the accusations were false and that it regretted the decision. Relations between the Algerian Socialist Republic and the Sherifian Monarchy are far from stabilized, and one cannot avoid considering peace in this region of the Maghreb as a fragile truce that the slightest incident could call into question. All major international players are calling on both countries to find a peaceful solution to the crisis, including a pragmatic and definitive political solution to the situation in Western Sahara based on the proposal for advanced autonomy for the region under international guarantees. The two countries have a common border and share the same language, religion, and culture. Algeria and Morocco are two pivotal countries in the Maghreb-Sahel region that are considered key partners by international powers to ensure stability in the region, fight terrorism, and curb organized crime. Source : wikipedia.org worlddata.infoGlobalfirepower================ About Morocco Army English :The Royal Moroccan Army (Arabic: Al-Quwwat al-Bariyah al-Malakiyah al-Maghribiyah, Standard Moroccan Tamazight: tasrdast tagldant) is the branch of the Royal Moroccan Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations.The Royal Moroccan Army is about 215,000 troops strong and consists of 195,000 professional soldiers and 20,000 conscripts. The Western Sahara conflict. On the contrary, it became a socialist country and joined the leading countries of Third Worldism. Their last conflict ended in 1769. This is part three of a five-part series. Moroccos hostile acts would thus indirectly be the arson that caused 92 deaths and thousands of displaced persons in the country between August 9 and 16, 2021 even if the material evidence of such accusations is of course absent. Please note that the posts on The Blogs are contributed by third parties. The Sand War or the Sands War (Arabic: , romanized:arb ar-Riml) was a border conflict between Algeria and Morocco in October 1963. An unwritten dissuasive consensus united the two regimes, Algerian and Moroccan, not to use Kabylia and the Rif as an extension in their conflict over Western Sahara. Rabat turns to US and French suppliers, while Algiers sticks with Russian-made military goods. Thursday, February 23, 2023 By: Andrew Wells-Dang, Ph.D. Fifty years ago, the accords led to the withdrawal of U.S. military forces from Vietnam, marking an important step toward a post-war settlement between the United States and Vietnam. [22] The French government refused. With the breakdown of the status quo, the nearly 50-year-old antagonism between the countries is now playing out on the military front. Although Rabat is more open to dialogue than its neighbour Algiers, mediation is at a standstill. These developments were all it took for both countries media outlets to launch into virulent and often insulting smear campaigns against the opposing side. The battle between Morocco and Algeria is for "leadership in the region." the paper's sources said, adding that Algeria "must implement a more aggressive diplomatic strategy." "Over the. [5] Morocco's Western allies provided assistance, after Morocco's formal requests for military aid. These revelations have caused widespread outrage in Algeria, especially on social networks. [23] Morocco finally abandoned all claims to Algerian territory in 1972 with the Accord of Ifrane, though Morocco refused to ratify the agreement until 1989.[43]. Discredited for its inability to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic as well as the fury of the fires ravaging Kabylia, Algeria has accused Morocco of complicity in these fires denounced as hostile acts.. So far, Morocco has denied any involvement in the bombings that took . [11][30] They possessed forty T-54 main battle tanks that they had purchased from the Soviet Union, twelve SU-100 tank destroyers, seventeen AMX-13s, and a fleet of gun-armed Panhard EBR armored cars. ", Ukraine updates: Russian attack causes injuries, damage, Ukraine: Russian troops edge closer to taking Bakhmut, Ukraine's counteroffensive: Goals, opportunities, risks. Announced two days later in an official statement by the . It is, moreover, the Moroccan proximity to Israel which the Pegasus spying affair has only made more likely that has fuelled pro-government propaganda in Algeria during the fires. READ MORE This year's AU could work to Morocco's advantage over Western Sahara. The accumulation of crisis factors between the two countries, the arms race in which they are involved, and the contradictory and largely antagonistic interests of the two countries raise concerns and fears of a possible large-scale armed conflict in North Africa. On May 18, 2021, the government classified the pro-independence Movement for Self-Determination of Kabylia (MAK) as a terrorist organization after a meeting of the High-Security Council (HCS). These tensions finally resulted in the closure of land borders in 1994. Until that point, relations between Algeria and Morocco were icy, but cooperative. In reality, Morocco, playing on its Arab and Muslim membership on the one hand the Sherifian monarch being legitimate on the religious level acts as the EUs good pupil in the Maghreb by adhering to its principles and maintaining cordial relations with European countries. But before this last step, there are others through which Algeria or Morocco defends its vital interests. Online tool for comparing the current military strengths of two world powers. The GlobalFirepower.com logo is a trademark of this website and is protected by all applicable domestic and international intellectual property laws. The Algerian and Moroccan militaries rank second and fifth in Africa, respectively, and shell out dizzying sums to acquire the latest equipment. THE DISPUTE. Click 'COMPARE' to process the request. [40] However, a Malian officer arrived on November 4 and enforced the Bamako Accord, ending the hostilities. "Algeria, The Maghreb Union, and the Western Sahara Stalemate. In this regard, Henry Kissinger, the American diplomat, and political scientist wrote of Morocco that it has been, for a century at the intersection of the great strategies of foreign powers, which forces its leaders to maneuver with art, subtlety, and authority.. . READ MORE Morocco/Algeria : Tensions on the rise after Algerian show mocks the King. Trade agreements with the European Union incorporating the disputed territory are considered an achievement by Rabat both for its claim to the Moroccan identity of the Western Sahara and its positioning as a regional leader. Egypt even began sending troops and defense hardware in late October to bolster the Algerian military. For decades, Algeria and Morocco have been at loggerheads over the Western Sahara conflict between the Polisario Front independence fighters, who proclaimed the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) in 1976 supported by Algeria since the departure of the former Spanish colonial power in 1975 and Morocco, which currently administers and occupies this former colony, considering it an integral part of the Sherifian kingdom. However, Morocco's ONEE was quick to assure in a statement that "the decision announced by the Algerian authorities not to renew the agreement on the Maghreb-Europe gas pipeline will currently have only a minimal impact on the performance of the national electricity system.". The movement, led by the newly formed FLN, issued a leaflet stating that its aim was to restore a sovereign Algerian state. The GFP country comparison form is provided to allow you to make direct, side-by-side comparisons of any two world powers represented in the GFP database. Longer than expected shader compilation time when first launching THE LAST OF US Part I. In the absence of a positive and appropriate response from Rabat to these actions, the Algerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs said it had recalled its ambassador in Rabat for consultation with immediate effect pending the taking of other possible measures depending on the evolution of this case and in particular the position of Morocco on this particularly dangerous drift. In case of abuse. Moreover, the two countries had already engaged in open warfare in 1963. As for Algeria, it is, also, an important partner of the European Union, but it is deeply marked by its history of a long period of French colonization (1830-1962). For Rabat, it is a matter of defending the integrity of its territory. [11][42] In January 1969, Algerian President Houari Boumediene made a state visit to Morocco and signed a treaty of friendship with Hassan's government at Ifrane. Despite a truce in 1991, both sides have been at loggerheads for years. But Algeria's president, Abdelmadjid Tebboune, has already warned Morocco that "their killings will not go unpunished,"as the state news agency APS reports. The troops provided training to the Algerians, and their medical team offered the population free healthcare. But before this last step, there are others through which Algeria or Morocco defends its vital interests. The construction of the Maghreb must now be understood, more modestly, as a simple harmonization of traditionally competitive economies, and the development of more coherent diplomacy in a certain number of areas, particularly in relation to the European Union. Marinid Sultanate (1244-1465) [ edit] Wattasid Sultanate (1472-1554) [ edit] Saadi Sultanate (1510-1659) [ edit] Alaouite Sultanate (1668-1912) [ edit] Kingdom of Morocco (1956-present) [ edit] References [ edit] ^ Mrini, Driss; Alaoui, Ismal (1997). The Sand War laid the foundations for a lasting and often intensely hostile rivalry between Morocco and Algeria, exacerbated by the differences in political outlook between the conservative Moroccan monarchy and the revolutionary, Arab nationalist Algerian military government. Medgaz was the backup plan. Moroccan irredentism, the absence of clear borders, and Algerias unwillingness to reconsider the borders inherited from the colonial period were all reasons that gave rise to the conflict. The severance of diplomatic relations with Morocco announced on August 24, 2021, came against a backdrop of vulnerability for the Algerian regime, which has not stopped denouncing plots against Algeria since the Arab revolts of 2011. During his visit to Morocco, Israeli foreign minister Yair Lapid expressed his countrys concern over Algerias role in the region and its great rapprochement with Iran. Morocco condemned provocative acts and transgressions at the opening of a regional football tournament in Algeria, at which the grandson of Nelson Mandela made a speech and called for Western Sahara to be free. Andrew Wells-Dang on U.S.-Vietnam Ties 50 Years After the Paris Peace Accords. But history shows that countries do not always have complete control over the scale of their own aggression, as seemingly minor escalations have quickly degenerated in the past. [37] While Castro had hoped to keep Cuba's intervention covert, and a number of the Cuban personnel wore Algerian uniforms, they were observed by French military and diplomatic staff in Oran and word of their presence soon leaked to the Western press. The land border closed between the two countries since 1994, and the ongoing diplomatic war on the Western Sahara issue has been added to the case of the call for independence of Kabylia in recent months and the spectacular rapprochement of Morocco with Israel. [36] Its forces included twenty-two T-34 tanks, eighteen 120-mm mortars, a battery of 57-mm recoilless rifles, anti-aircraft artillery with eighteen guns, and eighteen 122mm field guns with the crews to operate them. During 2015 he worked as Program Director with the USAID/CHEMONICS educational project entitled: Reading for Success: A Small Scale Experimentation in cooperation with the Moroccan Ministry of National Education and Vocational Training (MENFP). [4] Although they were initially described as an advisory contingent to train the Algerian army, Fidel Castro also authorized their deployment in combat actions to safeguard Algeria's territorial integrity. - Some of these stepping stones to armed conflict have already been completed: severance of diplomatic relations; total cooling of economic and trade relations; cancellation of contracts of joint ventures operating in both countries; suspension of the bilateral contract for the joint use of the Maghreb-Europe gas pipeline linking Algeria-Morocco-Spain and Portugal; ban on Moroccan civilian and military flights over Algerian airspace; cancellation of international meetings of a multilateral nature in which both countries could be present (absence of the Moroccan and Algerian ministers at the Union for the Mediterranean meeting in Barcelona; suspension of the Russia-Arab World meeting in Marrakesh, to which the Algerian minister was invited; harsh dialectical clashes between the two diplomacies in various United Nations forums). - In order for bilateral military confrontation to occur, there are different patterns that have to be reached: o War is the ultimate instrument for the defence of the country's strategic interests, which include national security and the country's projection as an international actor. Since the evacuation in mid-November by Moroccan forces of the Guerguerat crossing, blocked for several weeks by Sahrawi independence fighters, it is again, if one is to believe the latter, war between Rabat and the Polisario. In 1903, France also began expanding westwards towards Bechar and Tindouf. The deterioration of relations between the two Maghreb brothers has, indeed, worsened after the recent rapprochement between Morocco and Israel. This period had an impact on Algerian politics, which perceived Europe as a neo-colonialist threat. Highlights Support for: STAR WARS Jedi: Survivor Fixed Issues Red corruption may occur in World War Z: Aftermath when using the Vulkan API. "Morocco is in a difficult position where it needs to repair its relationship with the EU at the moment, and particularly now it wants to complete that process so it can focus its diplomatic efforts on the situation with Algeria. Give yourself a headstart: Algiers is therefore calling for action by the major powers, particularly those with a seat on the UN Security Council, to enforce the law in this crisis. November 2020 unleashed pandora's box following the military intervention in Guerguerat and Washington's recognition of Rabat's sovereignty over Western Sahara. [23], During the Algerian War, Morocco backed the National Liberation Front, Algeria's leading nationalist movement, in its guerrilla campaign against the French. [7], The Sand War laid the foundations for a lasting and often intensely hostile rivalry between Morocco and Algeria, exacerbated by the differences in political outlook between the conservative Moroccan monarchy and the revolutionary, Arab nationalist Algerian military government. This resulted in the deaths of hundreds of Algeria's ill-equipped.
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